A solid-state quantum microscope for wavefunction control of an atom-based quantum dot device in silicon

Abstract

Quantum states of atomic systems can be directly addressed using quantum optical microscopes. However, solid-state microscopy techniques cannot typically achieve both local measurements and control of the state due to their measurement mechanism or the presence of a globally conductive substrate that impedes local gate control. Here we report a solid-state quantum microscope that can control and locally probe the wavefunctions of atomic quantum dots in silicon. Our microscope consists of a scanning tunnelling microscope tip, source and gate electrodes defined on an insulating silicon substrate by subsurface antimony implantation and phosphorus dopants incorporated with atomic precision. In c..